Gyrodactylus salaris
Gyrodactylus salaris is an extremely dangerous parasite that can wipe out the entire Atlantic salmon stock of a river system. Most fishery boards, riparian owners and permit outlets in Scotland are now taking the most careful biosecurity measures to make sure it does not enter our rivers.
What are the risks?
Gyrodactylus salaris has been shown to survive away from a live fish host for 5-7 days at ambient river temperatures and for 78 hours and 42 hours at salinities of 10 ppt (parts per thousand) and 20 ppt, respectively. Risk is associated with movement of materials (animate and inanimate) that can carry low salinity water, which have recently been in contact with infected fish, and which have been kept in cool conditions sufficient to permit the temporary survival of the parasite away from live fish. Equipment or product that has been kept cool and damp and is transferred rapidly (within one week) may present high levels of risk.
This notorious parasite has destroyed the Salmon stocks of over 20 rivers in Norway. It was introduced to the Atlantic coast of Norway on Baltic Sea salmon taken to fish farms there. Baltic Salmon are immune to it, Atlantic Salmon are not – and tests have shown that Scottish Atlantic Salmon are destroyed by it just as easily as Norwegian.
It is also indigenous to, or has been spread to RUSSIA, FINLAND, SWEDEN, GERMANY, FRANCE, SPAIN and PORTUGAL, largely through fish-farm movements of Rainbow Trout.
It is a minute, external parasite, less than half a millimetre long and can live off fish, in the gravel, for a considerable time, making it (as yet) impossible to eradicate from any river. Desperate methods being used in Norway involve poisoning all the fish in a river and leaving it fallow for several months at least to try and break the cycle. No successes have yet been reported.
If this parasite gets into any UK river, it will mean the absolute end of salmon in that river.
For this reason most Highland salmon fisheries now require prospective anglers to complete a declaration before commencing to fish, stating that their equipment has not been outside of the UK in the past 2 weeks, or that it has been sterilised by one of the methods described below.
Biosecurity Measures
Equipment can be sterilized by using one of the following precautions:
- Dry equipment at a minimum of 20 degrees C for at least 2 days.
- Heat for at least 1 hour at a temperature of over 60 degrees C.
- Deep freeze for at least 1 day.
- Immerse in a solution suitable for killing Gs for a minimum of 10 minutes. Suitable solutions include: Virkon (1%), Wescodyne (1%), sodium chloride (3%) and sodium hydroxide (0.2%).
